VoIP Basics and Technology
VoIP The Basics and Equipment.
As the popularity of VoIP enhances, and
normal line users switch to VoIP in the fast mode,
government is showing more interest to regulate VoIP in a
manner similar to legacy normal phone services.
In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission now
requires all VoIP operators who do not support Enhanced 911
to attach a sticker warning that traditional 911 services
aren't available. The FCC recently required VoIP operators
to support CALEA wiretap functionality. The
Telecommunications Act of 2005 proposes adding more
traditional PSTN regulations, such as local number
portability and universal service fees. Other future legal
issues are likely to include laws against wiretapping and
network neutrality.
Some Latin American and Caribbean countries, fearful for
their state owned telephone services, have imposed
restrictions on the use of VoIP, including in Panama where
VoIP is taxed. In Ethiopia, where a totalitarian government
is monopolizing telecommunication service, it is a criminal
offence to offer services using VoIP. The country has
installed firewalls to prevent international calls being
made using VoIP. These measures were taken after a
popularity in VoIP reduced the income generated by the
state owned telecommunication company.
In the European Union, the treatment of VoIP service
providers is a decision for each Member State's national
telecoms regulator, which must use competition law theory
to define relevant national markets and then determine
whether any service provider on those national markets has
"significant market power" (and so should be subject to
certain obligations). A general distinction is usually made
between VoIP services that function over managed networks
(via broadband connections) and VoIP services that function
over unmanaged networks (essentially, the Internet).
VoIP services that function over managed networks are often
considered to be a viable substitute for PSTN telephone
services (despite the problems of power outages and lack of
geographical information); as a result, major operators
that provide these services (in practice, incumbent
operators) may find themselves bound by obligations of
price control or accounting separation.
VoIP services that function over unmanaged networks are
often considered to be too poor in quality to be a viable
substitute for PSTN services; as a result, they may be
provided without any specific obligations, even if a
service provider has "significant market power".
The relevant EU Directive is not clearly drafted concerning
obligations which can exist independently of market power
(e.g. the obligation to offer access to emergency calls),
and it is impossible to say definitively whether VoIP
service providers of either type are bound by them. A
review of the EU Directive is under way and should be
complete by 2007.
In India, it is legal to use VoIP, but it is illegal to
have VoIP gateways inside India. This effectively means
that people who have PCs can use them to make a VoIP call
to any number, but if the remote side is a normal phone,
the gateway that converts the VoIP call to a POTS call
should not be inside India.
In the certain countries, it is illegal to use any form of
VoIP, to the extent that websites of Skype and Gizmo
Project don't work. However, the sad part is the fact that
certain telecom providers, earns a significant amount of
its revenues by routing calls by VoIP.
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