VoIP Customer Service
The
two major competing standards for VoIP are the standard SIP
and the ITU standard H.323. Initially H.323 was the most
popular protocol, though its popularity has decreased in the
"local loop" due to its poor traversal of NAT and firewalls.
For this reason as domestic VoIP services have been
developed, SIP has been far more widely adopted.
However in backbone voice networks where everything is under
the control of the network operator or telecom, H.323 is the
protocol of choice. Many of the largest carriers use H.323
in their core backbones, and the vast majority of callers
have little or no idea that their POTS calls are being
terminated over VoIP. So really SIP is a useful tool for the
"local loop" and H.323 is like the "fiber backbone". With
the most recent changes introduced for H.323, however, it is
now possible for H.323 devices to easily and consistently
traverse NAT and firewall devices, opening up the
possibility that H.323 may again be looked upon more
favorably in cases where such devices encumbered its use
previously.
Where VoIP travels through multiple providers' Soft Switches the concepts of Full Media Proxy and signalling proxy are important. In H.323, the data is made up of 3 streams of data: 1) Call Signaling 2 ) Media. So if you are in London, your provider is in Australia, and you wish to call America, then in full proxy mode all three streams will go half way around the world and the delay (up to 500-600 ms) and packet loss will be high. However in signaling proxy mode where only the signaling flows through the provider the delay will be reduced to a more user friendly 120-150 ms. These proxy concepts could lead the way to true global providers.
One of the key issues with all traditional
VoIP protocols
is the wasted bandwidth used for packet headers. Typically
to send a G.723.1 5.6 kbit/s compressed audio path will
require 18 kbit/s of bandwidth based on standard sampling
rates. The difference between the 5.6 kbit/s and 18 kbit/s
is packet headers. There are a number of bandwidth
optimization techniques used, such as silence suppression
and header compression. This can typically save 35% on
bandwidth usage. But the really interesting technology comes
from VoIP off shoots such as TDMoIP which take advantage of
the concept of bundling conversations that are heading to
the same destination and wrapping them up inside the same
packets. These can offer near toll quality audio in a 6-7
kbit/s data stream.
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